Glossary

ADR program: American Depositary Receipts program; an ADR program is characterized by a company signing an agreement with a bank for the depositing of the company’s shares in the bank. In the USA, it is ADR securities that are traded, not shares.

ADSL: Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line; method of transmission that uses existing copper cable networks for services that require a higher capacity in one direction than the other, e.g. video on demand.

AMPS: Advance Mobile Phone Service; the original standard specification for analog mobile networks, AMPS divides a geographic area into cells in order to optimize the use of a limited number of frequencies.

ARPU: Average Revenue Per User; average revenue a service provider has per GSM subscription.

Broadband: transmission capacity with sufficient broadband to transmit, for example, voice, data and video simultaneously.

CPA: Content Provider Access; enables content providers to charge users for content services supplied to them via a mobile operator’s customers, where the mobile operator handles all end-user invoicing.

D-AMPS: Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service (also known as the IS-136 TDMA standard); a further development of the AMPS standard, comparable to GSM.

EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution – GSM network upgrade that allows for considerably higher bandwidth and data transmission speeds of up to 144 kbps.

EBITDA: Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciations and amortization.

GPRS: General Packet Radio Services; packet switch service that transfers data as packets, each with its own address.

GSM: Global System for Mobile communications; common European standard for digital mobile telephone systems.

ICT: Information and Communications Technology.

IP: Internet Protocol; the protocol (standard) that the Internet is based on.

ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network; term for digital networks that integrate a number of different services – voice, text, data and images.

MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service; a standard that enables the transfer of formatted text, and live pictures and sound, to and from mobile telephones.

MVNO: Mobile Virtual Network Operators; are mobile operators without physical network infrastructure, possessing all systems necessary to provide combined services and roaming to other network operators. May offer subscriptions (SIM-cards) and services to end users.

PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network; term for the regular, analog telecoms network.

RISK: adjustment of original cost of shares by taxed profits. The taxable cost price on the purchase of shares is adjusted with retained and taxed profit in the company. This is used to avoid double taxation on the added value.

SMS: Short Messaging Service; the text message system in GSM.

UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System; term for the third generation mobile network.

US GAAP: United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

VPN: Virtual Private Network; service for corporate communication where geographically spread organizations with private exchanges and Centrex solutions are linked together in one corporate network via switched connections in the public telecoms network.

WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network; a LAN (Local Area Network) that is linked by means of wireless technology.